Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, causing cells to build up rapidly on the surface, forming scales and dry, red patches that can be itchy and sometimes painful. It is a lifelong condition with no cure, but with the right treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively.

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In people with psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing the rapid turnover of skin cells. This leads to the formation of thick, scaly patches on the skin, most commonly on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.

There are different types of psoriasis, including plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis. The most common type is plaque psoriasis, which is characterized by raised, red patches covered with silvery-white scales.

While there is no cure for psoriasis, various treatments can help control symptoms. Topical treatments like corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, and coal tar can help reduce inflammation and slow down the skin cell turnover. Phototherapy, or UVB light therapy, is another effective treatment option that involves exposing the skin to controlled UV light. For severe cases, systemic treatments, such as oral medications or biologics, may be prescribed.

In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle changes can also help manage psoriasis. Regular moisturizing, avoiding triggers like stress and infections, and maintaining a healthy diet can all contribute to skin health and reduce flare-ups.